أطاريح الماجستيرلفرع الكيمياء التطبيقية 2024-2025
Biological Activity of Phenolic Compounds Extracted From Prunus domestica and Solanum melongena
By:Hiba Jameel Omran    Supervised By:Assistant Professor Dr. Buthania A.Hasoon & Professor Dr. Amal Ali Hussein    year:2024
Abstract
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Since multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a major issue in the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections, the scientific community has developed an interest in phenolic compound due to their wide range of possible applications. During the period from October to November of 2022 Prunus domestica(Plum) and Solanum melongena (Eggplant) was purchased from the Iraqi local market. P. domestica fruit was peeled and kept fresh by freezing, while Solanum melongena plant was dried and ground . Crude extract from Prunus domestica and Solanum melongena peels by a Soxhlet device . Anthocyanins dye was characterized by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), the most Prunus domestica and Solanum melongena peels extract compounds have been shown to have different biological activities. The microorganisms used in antibacterial assays are Stаphylococcus аureus, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, Psеudomonas аerugienosa, Bаcillus cеreus and Candida albicans. These cultures were obtained from Laboratory of Biotechnology Division, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Iraq. The isolated microorganisms were rediagnosed in traditional way by VITEK 2 system ,then used as antimicrobial activity. Crude extract from Prunus domestica and Solanum melongena peels suppressed the development of every isolate, at concentrations (25, 50, and 75) μg/mL, except Proteus mirabilis was inhibited at concentrations (50 and 75) μg/mL for Solanum melongena . The results detected that Prunus domestica and Solanum melongena peels had more effective than other antimicrobial agents at inhibiting the development of microorganisms especially for Candida albicans which was shown inhibited at all concentrations, antibiotic against of fungi there was no inhibition zone. All of the isolates conducted an antibiotic susceptibility test, and it was shown that some of the isolates had antibiotic resistance. The 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used to identify the antioxidant activity of crud anthocyanin dye. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the dye increased with an increase in the concentrations. Anticancer activity had been shown The ability of Prunus domestica and Solanum melongena peels to suppress the growth of cancer cell lines was used to evaluate their anticancer properties. The findings demonstrated the highly considerable cytotoxic action of crud extract against MCF-7 cell line at concentrations ranging 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100,and 200 µg/mL. The inhibitory concentration value (IC50) of Prunus domestica peels was 34.92 μg/mL. While the inhibitory concentration value (IC50) of from Solanum melongena peels was 37.23 μg/mL. In vivo study on mice were done to investigate the effects of oral administration of crude anthocyanin dye from Prunus domestica and Solanum melongena peels on liver function, kidney function, and blood sugar levels in mice. Mice were divided into a control group and treatment groups with Prunus domestica and Solanum melongena peels that received 100 μg/kg/day of the respective crude extract for one week, two weeks, three weeks, four weeks. Liver function was assessed by measuring serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Kidney function was evaluated by measuring serum urea and Creatinine levels. Random blood sugar (RBS) levels were also measured. The results showed that administration of Prunus domestica and Solanum melongena peels led to significant improvements in liver and kidney function markers as well as reduced blood sugar levels compared to the control group. The beneficial effects were more pronounced with longer durations of Prunus domestica and Solanum melongena peels administration. These findings suggest that these natural plant-derived crude extract may have therapeutic potential for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer activity, managing liver disease, kidney dysfunction, and blood sugar dysregulation.