The Department of Mathematics and Computer Applications awarded a master's degree to graduate student "Tahseen Saleh Mahmoud" for their thesis titled "Study on Dominance in Fuzzy Data."
“A Study on Domination in Fuzzy Graphs “
The defense took place in the late Professor Ibrahim Al-Jawadi Hall in the building of classrooms and laboratories in the department. The examination committee consisted of:

• Professor Dr. Anwar Khaleel Faraj Department of Applied Sciences / Mathematics and Computer Applications, Chair
• Professor Dr. Yusuf Yaqub Yusuf University of Baghdad / College of Education for Pure Sciences - Ibn Al-Haytham, Member
• Assistant Professor Dr. Saba Star Hassan Department of Applied Sciences / Mathematics and Computer Applications, Member
• Professor Dr. Manal Naji, Department of Applied Sciences Mathematics and Computer Applications, Member and Supervisor
• Professor Dr. Ahmed Abdul Ali Omran University of Babylon / College of Education for Pure Sciences, Member and Supervisor

In this thesis, a set of new concepts in fuzzy graph is presented by focusing on the domination by the effective edge. As for the fuzzy graph, two concepts were studied as follows; first, the set is the fuzzy bi- dominating set, if every vertex in is adjacent to the exactly two vertices in the fuzzy complement set of fuzzy dominating set . As for The second, it is called the ring dominating set, where each vertex not in is adjacent to at least two vertices in. The objective is to find the least weight of the weights of the minimum fuzzy bi-domination and ring dominating sets. This modern method of finding fuzzy domination is complementary to finding domination and has many applications in life, such as commercial projects. These concepts have been studied on many types of fuzzy graphs in addition to some characteristics of each of them.

The Biotechnology Department awarded a Master's degree to graduate student "Hanin Salah Lazem" for her thesis titled...
“Gene Expression alterations, Immunological, and Biochemical studies of Colorectal Cancer  and Hepatocellular carcinoma  in Iraqi populations “
The defense was held in the late Prof. Dr. Abdulmutalib Ibrahim Al-Sheikh Hall in the department building, and the examination committee consisted of...

• Prof. Dr. Majid Sakhy Jabir
• Department of Applied Sciences / Biotechnology Branch – Chair
• Prof. Dr. Dunia Farid Salloum
• niversity of Baghdad / College of Science / Department of Life Sciences – Member
• Assist. Prof. Dr. Hiba Munir Abdul-Hussein
• Department of Applied Sciences / Biotechnology Branch – Member
• Assist. Prof. Dr. Zahraa Abdulmuneem Abdulhadi
• Department of Applied Sciences / Biotechnology Branch – Member and Supervisor
• Prof. Dr. Ghassan Mohammed Suleiman
• Department of Applied Sciences / Biotechnology Branch – Member and Supervisor

The present work intended to explore the pathogenesis role of these parameters on CRC patients, namely interleukins 18 (IL-18) and 22 (IL-22), Kelch-like ECH associated protein-1(keap-1), Aldolase A(ALDOA), and forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) in this disease. The RT-qPCR method was used to measure FOXO4 gene expression, while an ELISA kit was used to quantify IL-18, IL-22, Keap-1, and Aldolase levels. Research was performed on 60 patients with CRC and 30 healthy controls. IL-18, IL-22, and Keap-1 were not statistically significant in CRC cases with the variant size of tumor stages, histological grades, and different situations of distant metastasizing tumor cells (P>0.05). While ALDOA shows highly significant variations between patients and apparently healthy subjects (P<0.05). The expression of FOXO4 is down-regulated and was statistically different (P<0.05) in patients with CRC. Analytical indicators showcasing the inflammatory state include metrics like (SII), (PLR), and (NLR) which have been suggested as instruments for assessing the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Evaluating the efficacy of these indicators, along with a novel indicator that merges SII and hemoglobin levels, referred to as NP/LHB, as tools for CRC diagnosis. PLR and NLR show non-significant differences (P>0.05), and SII, NP/LHb show significant variations between CRC patients and the control group (P<0.05). Hb, WBC, Lymphocyte, and Neutrophil show a non-significant variation between patients and the healthy subjects group (P>0.05), and PLT count shows a significant variation between the patient and control group(P<0.05). The three liver enzymes are aspartate V transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). ALT and AST show a significant increment in patients than the healthy subjects group (P<0.05), ALP shows a non-significant between CRC patients and healthy subjects (P>0.05), RFT which includes Serum creatinine (S.cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Creatinine shows a significant decrease in patients than healthy subjects (P<0.05).

The Laser Science and Technology branch awarded a master's degree to graduate student "Hawraa Mohammed Abdul Redha" for her thesis titled
“Synthesis of In2O3 Nanoparticles Decorated CNTs by Laser Ablation Method for Optoelectronic Application “
The defense was held in the late Prof. Dr. Abdulmutalib Ibrahim Al-Sheikh Hall in the department building, and the discussion committee consisted of:

• Professor Dr. Alwan Mohammed Alwan Department of Applied Sciences / Laser Science and Technology Branch - Chair
• Professor Dr. Rana Osama Mahdi Department of Applied Sciences / Laser Science and Technology Branch - Member
• Assistant Professor Dr. Alaa Abdul Jabbar Hussein Department of Applied Sciences / Laser Science and Technology Branch - Member
• Professor Dr. Khawla Salah Khshaan Department of Applied Sciences / Laser Science and Technology Branch - Member and Supervisor
• Professor Dr. Aseel Abdul Kareem Hadi Department of Applied Sciences / Laser Science and Technology Branch - Member and Supervisor

In this work, room-temperature Q-switched Nd: YAG laser ablation in single-step of indium target in water and MWCNT suspension, respectively, was used to create (In2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) with various fluences (15.9-22.3J/cm2) at 100 pulses, and indium oxide decorated MWCNTs (In2O3@MWCNTs) with different pulse counts (50,75,100,125) at 17.5 J/cm2. The colloidal solutions of indium oxide nanoparticles and indium oxide decorated CNTs have been examined, and the effects of the laser fluence and number of pulses on the properties have been investigated through, XRD, RMS, SEM-EDX microscopy, TEM, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence PL. XRD and Raman spectra have demonstrated that the synthesized In2O3 has a crystallite structure of body-center cubic (bcc), which also confirmed that all the appeared peaks belonged to In2O3 and MWCNTs in the In2O3@MWCNTs composites. Additionally, it demonstrated that increasing laser fluences and adding MWCNTs, improved the crystalline quality of the prepared In2O3 and In2O3@MWCNTs. The prepared colloidal can be applied to a silicon base to create an In2O3/Si and In2O3 -MWCNTs/Si heterojunctions, which are made by drop casting colloidal In2O3 NPs and In2O3@ MWCNTs colloidal NPs onto a single crystal silicon wafer. The I-V characteristics of the In2O3NPs/Si and In2O3@MWCNTs/Si heterojunctions under both dark and light conditions verified the rectifying behavior and the good photoresponse. The C-V measurements showed an abrupt junction, which allowed for the determination of the built-in voltage, the value of which is dependent on the laser parameters. The optimization of the In2O3@MWCNTs /Si heterojunction for high-performance photodetection applications is greatly aided by these results.

The Department of Applied Chemistry has awarded a Master's degree to the graduate student "Raghda Fares Salem" for her thesis titled:
“Assessment of B-type natriuretic peptide, Wingless type 5 A in and other markers in Iraqi Patients with Heart Failure “
The thesis defense was held in the late Professor Dr. Abdul-Muttalib Ibrahim Al-Sheikh Hall in the department building. The examination committee was composed of:

• Professor Dr. Abdul-Nasser Mohammed Abdullah, Department of Applied Sciences/Applied Chemistry, Chair
• Assistant Professor Dr. Raed Jassim Mohammed, Al-Nahrain University/College of Medicine/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Member
• Assistant Professor Dr. Mohammed Shaamil Ali, Department of Applied Sciences/Applied Chemistry, Member
• Assistant Professor Dr. Wafaa Raaji Mohammed, Department of Applied Sciences/Applied Chemistry, Member and Supervisor
• Assistant Professor Dr. Mohammed Abdul-Jabbar Hammoudi, Al-Nahrain University/College of Medicine/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Member and Supervisor

The aim of this study was to measure the levels of B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), Wingless Type 5a (Wnt5a), and other indicators as diagnostic markers for heart failure patients. Additionally, the study sought to explore potential correlations between these biomarkers and other parameters such as random blood sugar, urea, creatinine, potassium, calcium, lipids, CK, CRP, troponin, LDH, and AST, which are relevant to the disease. The study also aimed to assess cardiovascular disease prediction in patients with chronic kidney disease. The research was conducted at Sheikh Zayed Hospital from December 2022 to April 2023. The study included 100 cases (50 male and 50 female), aged 40-65 years. Of these, 50 patients had heart failure (25 male and 25 female) and 50 had both heart failure and kidney dysfunction (25 male and 25 female), all diagnosed by a cardiology consultant. The study found a significant increase in BNP, Wnt5a, random blood sugar, CRP, troponin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and CK, as well as a decrease in uPa, potassium, calcium, HDL, and AST in patients with heart failure and kidney disease. Results indicated that some of these markers could be used as diagnostic indicators for heart failure. A significant positive correlation was found between BNP and Wnt5a (r = 0.35, p ≤ 0.001), and a significant positive correlation was observed between random blood sugar and BNP (r = 0.56, p < 0.001), as well as random blood sugar and Wnt5a (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was also found between CRP and BNP (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and between CRP and Wnt5a (r = 0.45, p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between kidney function and both BNP and Wnt5a. The study highlighted a strong positive relationship between cholesterol, triglycerides, and VLDL with BNP and Wnt5a, as well as a strong positive correlation between CK and LDH with BNP and Wnt5a. Elevated BNP and Wnt5a levels in patients with heart disease were identified as early diagnostic markers for heart failure. Increased levels of random blood sugar, CRP, troponin, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, CK, and LDH were found in heart failure patients. The study results suggested that low levels of uPa, potassium, calcium, HDL, and AST are associated with heart failure, potentially increasing the risk of heart failure as these parameters play crucial roles in heart disease.